exam.roleofgovt

=Exam Review: The Changing Role of Government=
 * Corinne, Helen and Grace**

How and why did the role of the presidency change over time? (Corinne)---focus on TR, Wilson, FDR Teddy Roosevelt -new nationalism-strengthen executive power -govt plays a more active role in most everything -strengthen the office of presidency -more control over economy -more of a role in public policy and legislation

Woodrow Wilson New Freedom-limited govt role& use new methods to reserve traditional conservative values -more control over economy

 Franklin Roosevelt asks for congress to extend executive law - give president more power -fed govt expands-essentially ran econ -censorship-govt controlled image of war/information/propaganda

How did the role of government change? focus on progressive era, the impact of World War I and World War II and the New Deal. Think about the reasons WHY the role of government was changing and the degree to which these changes constituted a revolution?

__CHANGING ROLE OF GOVERNMENT/PRESIDENCY:__


 * PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT (1900-1917):
 * Teddy Roosevelt most progressive president à ups government involvement during era to MAKE A CHANGE
 * Progressive acts can be effective on state level (14 states require minimum working age in late 1890’s) but need to succeed at the state level to really make a difference (Hammer vs. Daggenhart à Keating Owens Child Labor Act, which prevented interstate commerce of child labor produced commodities, deemed unconstitutional)
 * During progressive era, first signs of government’s greater role in economy
 * Busting trusts (TR busting “bad” trusts- Northern Securities Company, Wilson busting all at first)
 * Regulating business- looking out for people instead of helping big business
 * WWI (1914-1918):
 * Government controls our role in the world/war
 * Wilson believes we need to be neutral à U.S. remains neutral as long as possible
 * Propaganda- war images begin to surmount showing Germany as villains (Committee of Public Information),- trying to manipulate the public, taking away civil liberties (Sedition and Espionage Acts), also trying to get americans to become involved with the war
 * Once in war, government controls economy again- only war goods created, convincing public to buy liberty bonds
 * After war:
 * Wilson attempts to ratify //his// idea of the new world—14 points
 * ALSO- post war backlash- Wilson tired/sick à government involvement abruptly drops à country is somewhat in havoc (unemployment because soldiers returning, racial issues, immigration issues) not being solved by government
 * causes the great depression - government meant tries to get the nation out of thr trough- under FDR
 * WWII (1941-1945)
 * Great Debate: to what extent should U.S. be involved?
 * Effects of Monroe Doctrine, Washington’s Farewell Address still circulating
 * FDR trying to help the Allies- congress has to put neutrality limits on him
 * FDR realizes that the war in europe could have an effect on them- thinks america should intervene
 * example of lending your neighbor the hose when their house is caught on fire
 * Elements like lend-lease and others prompt our involvement- FDR leads country to its involvement in war
 * Wartime production in economy - finnaly getting out of the great depression
 * supplying for troops
 * War Manpower Commission- providing more jobs, boosting employment

WHY:
 * When country is in crisis need to look to something higher for aid à turn to government---Ms. T's comment: interesting editorial in the NY Times today by David Brooks about the country's current response to the economic crisis and the turn toward government that has resulted: [|The Ambassador]
 * Early 20th century, country involved in 3 major wars (Spanish-American, WWI, WWII) so turn to the government
 * involvement/competition with other nations
 * want to be percieved as a power nation
 * Also big problems (Great Depression, dust dowl) à look to government
 * society in need of aid
 * hunger
 * no jobs
 * no money
 * no home
 * Presidents feel that they lead the country therefore they need more power invested in their branch
 * Biggest presidents of the time (FDR, TR, Wilson) dealt with BIGGEST problems/changes (Great Depression, WWI, Progressive Era, WWII) à extended executive branch
 * getting involved overseas because their is competion - government must adjust

REVOLUTION?
 * Changes both revolutionized and returned things to the way they were
 * **Revolution**:
 * Modernized presidency forever- allowed presidents to connect with the people, gain more power which still remains today
 * FDR’s fireside chats
 * TR modernized presidency- most progressive
 * Greater government involvement than ever before in history
 * Government aiding economy, individuals, groups
 * **Not**:
 * Greater government involvement usually existed when a crisis was afloat- big problems called for big government help, but executive power returned to the way it was when U.S. was not in trouble

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